Vietnam Lit: Pham Thi Hoai's Sunday Menu

Pham Thi Hoai's Sunday Menu is an eclectic group of short stories depicting life in Vietnam in the 1990's, a nebulous time of economic and social restructuring in which the delineation of traditional male/female relationship dynamics began to blur.

Her characters are vague, existentially-inclined, and self-deprecating - overtly aware of their own personal inadequacies living under the shadow of rigid cultural expectations, but resigned to live by their own simple rules in the wake of monumental societal flux.

Her vivid prose crackles across the pages, an impressionistic smattering of intimate tableaus and character sketches that eschew tired literary cliches and time-tested forms of plot linearity.

Highly recommended reading.

The author
Source: vietnamlit.org

Understanding Vietnam

Understanding Vietnam by Neil L. Jamieson

Essential reading for anyone attempting to disassemble the myriad cultural idiosyncrasies of the Vietnamese populace, especially anthropology/history buffs and foreigners currently residing here. Also, a superb primer on Vietnamese lit, poetry, and folk music thanks to the countless primary sources Jamieson has included.


These meticulously collected and translated primary sources set this work apart from any other contemporary read on Vietnam as they shine a genuine light on the prevailing mood of the times.  By examining disparate works from the ever-popular epic national poem "Truyen Kieu" written in the 18th century by Nguyen Du, to the drive for modernization in the 1930's represented by Nguyen Tuong Tam's Self-Strength Literary Movement (Tu Luc Van Doan), to the individualist, metaphysical poets that emerged in the late 1930's, to the anti-conflict folk song movement during the American War,  Jamieson makes a strong case that there is no better cultural barometer than the works of literary art published and disseminated during a specific era.

---------- Selected Works-----------

Nhat Linh's (Nguyen Tuong Tam's nom de plume) Breaking the Mores (Đoạn Tuyệt) deconstructed a number of traditional elements of Vietnamese culture, including Confucian role-based social hierarchy and hieu (filial piety).  First published in 1935, it became instantly popular with the rising urban middle-classes.  Although it fell out of favor as Marxist collectivism took off, there have been attempts from the Vietnamese diaspora to reinvigorate it as a sociocultural touchstone.  

Pre-August Revolution modernist poets like Xuan Dieu, Che Lan Vien, and The Lu ("Remembering the Jungle - The Words of the Tiger in the Zoo") adopted a somber, inward-looking style full of "romantic exuberance" that reflected the difficulties of coming of age in in the midst of societal flux and crumbling French Colonialism.  Vien, a schoolboy poet at the time, drew comparisons to modern Vietnam and the ancient civilization of Champa.  An excerpt from his miserablist tableau "The Graves" deftly exhibits the pervasive pessimism of the times:

"All the Past is but an endless string of days, 

all the Future is but a series of graves not yet fulfilled,

And the Present - do you know, my friend -

Is also the silent burial of the green days of youth."

Another prominent member of the movement, Huy Can, later the Deputy Minister of Culture for the fledgling DRV (Democratic Republic of Vietnam), delved deep into the existentialist realm in his early poetry, expressing full-fledged disillusionment with the status quo.  Here is an excerpt from "The Human Body":

"You gave us a pair of hands, like blooming flowers.
Sturdy legs, tapering like bamboo sprouts.
Our necks are upright, like firm tree trunks.
Our shoulders are broad like the surface of a brook.
O Lord! You have labored so mightily!
But termites have burrowed into the castle...
That even You, O Lord, might blush with regret,
That You had brought human life into existence."

--------- 

During the 1960's, with a country and national identity fractured by decades of war, foreign occupation, and conflicting ideologies, a new artistic medium entered the fray in South Vietnam - the pensive, thoughtful folk song. Pham Duy and Trinh Cong Son (and his "voice" Khanh Ly) remain the most notable of the folk heroes that emerged during the American War era, creating an immense body of work that spoke for the troubled soul of Vietnam, both above and below the 17th parallel.

 

Understanding Vietnam is highly recommended.  There are copies available in Saigon, but most of them have been edited and censored.  Amazon.com is your best bet for an unexpurgated copy.

Under the Volcano

Under the Volcano by Malcolm Lowry








Lowry on...

alcoholism - "...if our civilization were to sober up for a couple of days, it'd die of remorse on the third."

actions of the unsound mind - "The act of a madman or drunkard, or of a man laboring under violent excitement, seems less free and more inevitable to the one who knows the mental condition of the man who performed the action, and more free and less inevitable to the one who does not know it." (Tolstoy)

colonization - "The only trouble was: one was afraid these particular Indians might turn out to be people with ideas too."

cockfights - "...the vicious little man-made battles, cruel and destructive, yet somehow bedraggledly inconclusive, each brief as some hideously mismanaged act of intercourse."

existence - "What is man but a little soul holding up a corpse?"

fate - "Somebody threw a dead dog after him down the ravine."

friendship - "In the final analysis , there was no one you could trust to drink with you to the bottom of the bowl."

gulp(s) of tequila - "...he felt the fire of [it] run down his spine like lightning striking a tree which thereupon, miraculously, blossoms."

geopolitics - "Can't you see there's a sort of determinism about the fate of nations? They all seem to get what they deserve in the long run." (Geoffrey Fermin)

horses - "Weary of liberty he suffered himself to be saddled and bridled, and was ridden to death for his pains." (Goethe)

intercourse - "...how alike are the groans of love to those of the dying."

journalism - "[It] equals male prostitution of speech and writing." (Hugh Fermin)

justification for drunken loitering - "Veo que la tierra anda; estoy esperando que pase mi casa por aqui para meterme en ella." (Geoffrey Fermin)

 

lighting cigarettes - "La supersticion dice - que cuando tres amigos prenden su cigarro con la misma cerilla, el ultimo muere antes que los otros dos." (Cervantes the Tlaxcaltecan Barman)

quietude - "Silence [is] as infectious as mirth, an awkward silence in one group begetting a loutish silence in another, which in turn [induces] a more general, meaningless silence in a third, until it [has] spread everywhere. Nothing in the world is more powerful than one of these sudden strange silences..."

shared beliefs - "Yes, indeed, how many patterns of life were based on kindred misconceptions, how many wolves do we feel on our heels, while our real enemies go in sheepskin by?"

the authorities - "The world [is] always within the binoculars of the police."

vultures - "Infernal bird of Prometheus! They were vultures, that on Earth so jealously contend with one another, defiling themselves with blood and filth, but who were capable of rising, like this, above the storms, to heights shared only by the condor..."

yesteryear - "...yet the banality stood: that the past was irrevocably past. And the conscience had been given man to regret it only in so far as that might change the future."